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9773-03jun12_46120.indd

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSCambridge Pre-U CertificatePrincipal Subject PSYCHOLOGY
Paper 3 Key Applications Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
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Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
There is a choice of five options in this question paper. Choose two options and answer questions from these
two options only.
In each option there are three Sections:
Section A Answer all questions for each of your chosen options.
Section B Answer one question for each of your chosen options.
Section C Answer all questions for each of your chosen options.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 6 printed pages and 2 blank pages.
DC (SJF) 46120/3 UCLES 2012 [Turn over
Psychology and Abnormality
Section A
Answer all questions in this Section.
Somatic therapies (e.g. Prozac and ECT) are sometimes used to treat depression.
Describe one somatic therapy in the treatment of depression.
Suggest three problems with the use of the somatic therapy described in (a).
Outline three assumptions of the model of abnormality on which somatic therapies are based.
From the study by Tice et al on emotional distress regulation: Briefly describe one theory proposed to explain why emotional distress impairs regulation.
Contrast the theory described in (a) with an alternative theory of why emotional distress
impairs regulation.
To what extent do you agree with the conclusion drawn by Tice et al? Give a reason for your answer. Section B
Answer one question in this Section.
Describe theory and research on perspectives in abnormality. Evaluate theory and research on perspectives in abnormality. (a) Describe the key study by Brewer et al on impairment of olfactory identification in individuals
who later develop schizophrenia. Evaluate the key study by Brewer et al on impairment of olfactory identification in individuals who later develop schizophrenia. Section C
Answer the question in this Section.
In their key study Simeon et al suggest the following list of factors which could be explored in future research on depersonalisation: more sophisticated trauma measurements, neuropsychological testing, biological imaging and challenge studies, and prospective treatment trials. Using your knowledge of psychology, design a study to investigate one of the factors
mentioned by Simeon et al.
Explain the evidence on which your study is based. Psychology and Crime
Section A
Answer all questions in this Section.
From the study by Kassin and Sommers on inadmissible testimony, instructions to disregard, and the jury: Describe one of the three experimental conditions of the independent variable.
Describe the results of the study broken down by post-trial condition. Suggest why it is difficult to generalise from studies involving mock juries. From the study by Paulus et al on death rates, psychiatric commitments, blood pressure and perceived crowding as a function of institutional crowding: Briefly describe the results for the levels of perceived crowding of the prisoners. Suggest two weaknesses with the way in which data for perceived crowding was gathered.
Briefly discuss the use of archival data in psychological studies. Section B
Answer one question in this Section.
(a) Describe the key study by Farrington et al on criminal careers and life success.
Evaluate the key study by Farrington et al on criminal careers and life success. Describe theory and research on the effects of crime. Evaluate theory and research on the effects of crime. Section C
Answer the question in this Section.
10 Rossmo (2000) suggests that, in general, criminals offend close to their homes (or other base)
and the number of offences drops off with increasing distance from their home.
Using your knowledge of psychology, design a study to test the effectiveness of geographical offender profiling. Explain the evidence on which your study is based. [Turn over
Psychology and Environment
Section A
Answer all questions in this Section.
11 From the study by North et al on the effect of musical style on restaurant customers' spending:
The study used an independent groups (subjects) design. Describe why this type of design was used and how it was implemented. Suggest how the study could have used an alternative design and say what advantage this would provide. North et al believe that the findings of the study have obvious commercial implications. Suggest what these implications might be. 12 (a) Using examples, suggest three common errors in cognitive maps.
What were the three types of sketch map produced by participants in the study by Aginsky et
al on strategies for learning a route in a driving simulator?
According to Aginsky et al two main conclusions can be drawn from the present study. What
are these two conclusions?
Section B
Answer one question in this Section.
Describe the key study by Diener et al on the effects of deindividuation on stealing amongst Halloween trick-or-treaters. Evaluate the key study by Diener et al on the effects of deindividuation on stealing amongst Halloween trick-or-treaters. 14 (a) Describe psychological theory and research on personal space.
Evaluate psychological theory and research on personal space. Section C
Answer the question in this Section.
15 According to Clarke (2002), people in an emergency situation do not panic but instead help each
other and develop a ‘we are all in this together' mentality which Clarke calls ‘we-ness'. Using your knowledge of psychology, design a study to investigate how people behave in an emergency situation. Explain the evidence on which your study is based. Psychology and Health
Section A
Answer all questions in this Section.
16 The study by McKinstry and Wang (putting on the style) used a questionnaire.
One question asked was: ‘Which doctor would you feel happiest about seeing for the first
time?' This was scored from 0 to 5 for each model. Give one advantage and one disadvantage
of this type of question.
What were the findings from this question? ‘The scores were ranked and all results were subject to statistical analyses. Results reported
as significant were significant to the 5% level.' Outline one disadvantage of selecting a 5%
significance level in this study.
17 From the study by Simons et al on pain in newborn babies:
According to the nurses, which procedure caused most pain and which procedure caused least pain? According to the doctors, which procedure caused the most pain? Describe how it was determined which procedures were considered to be moderately painful. Giving a reason for your answer, say whether newborn babies should be given analgesia or not. Section B
Answer one question in this Section.
18 (a) Describe the key study by Carr on compliance with medical advice.
Evaluate the key study by Carr on compliance with medical advice. 19 (a) Describe psychological theory and research on health promotion.
Evaluate psychological theory and research on health promotion. Section C
Answer the question in this Section.
20 Students often get stressed before examinations. You have developed a strategy to help prevent
students from becoming stressed. It is called PSST (preventing student stress therapy). You wish to test it out, and you know that stress involves both physiological and psychological components.
Using your knowledge of psychology, suggest how the effectiveness of PSST can be tested.
Explain the evidence on which your study is based. [Turn over
Psychology and Sport
Section A
Answer all questions in this Section.
Outline one explanation of social facilitation in humans.
Contrast one explanation of social facilitation in humans with an alternative explanation. [3]
Giving a reason for your answer, suggest the extent to which animal studies of social
facilitation support the explanation outlined in (a).
22 From the study by McAuley et al on measuring causal attributions:
Describe the sample of participants in study 1 and what they were required to do. Using examples, suggest two disadvantages of using this sample of participants.
Describe three features of the revised causal dimension scale (CDSII).
Section B
Answer one question in this Section.
Describe theory and research on leadership and team cohesion in sport. Evaluate theory and research on leadership and team cohesion in sport. Describe the key study by Davis and Cox on anxiety and zone of optimal functioning. Evaluate the key study by Davis and Cox on anxiety and zone of optimal functioning. Section C
Answer the question in this Section.
25 Zuckerman (1987) devised a questionnaire which assesses sensation seeking. You think that
there is a link between sensation seeking and high risk sports so you decide to investigate this. Using your knowledge of psychology, design a study to investigate whether sensation seekers engage in high risk sports. Explain the evidence on which your study is based. BLANK PAGE
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